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標(biāo)準適用范圍
標(biāo)準規(guī)定了傳遞安全信息的顏色表征、安全標(biāo)志的類型及其設(shè)置、使用要求,工業(yè)管道的基本識別色、識別符號和安全標(biāo)識。本文件規(guī)定了傳遞安全信息的顏色表征、安全標(biāo)志的類型及其設(shè)置、使用要求,工業(yè)管道的基本識別色、識別符號和安全標(biāo)識。
標(biāo)準適用于生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動過程中存在風(fēng)險或有必要提醒人們注意安全的場所和位置。
舊標(biāo)準存在問題
三項標(biāo)準自發(fā)布以來,在規(guī)范指導(dǎo)安全生產(chǎn)工作等方面發(fā)揮了重大作用,但在標(biāo)準的實施實踐層面上也面臨諸多問題:
一是3項標(biāo)準的發(fā)布實施時間均超15年,部分內(nèi)容與高速發(fā)展的社會不匹配, 急需修訂;
二是安全色和安全標(biāo)準及其使用導(dǎo)則編制過程中一個是等效采用ISO3864標(biāo)準,一個是參照ISO7010圖形符號,由于國際標(biāo)準化組織對2項ISO均以更新,部分引用和參考內(nèi)容均已過期或者存在不一致的問題,有礙于繼續(xù)使用;
三是安全生產(chǎn)法第三十五條明確要求生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位應(yīng)當(dāng)在有較大危險因素的生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營場所和有關(guān)設(shè)施、設(shè)備上,設(shè)置明顯的安全警示標(biāo)志,因為安全警示標(biāo)志是日常隱患排查和安全檢查中的重要一環(huán),近年來標(biāo)準編制組經(jīng)常會收到相關(guān)企業(yè)和單位對標(biāo)志標(biāo)識如何張貼,如果規(guī)范化使用存的疑惑, 同時,由于安全標(biāo)志沒有有效應(yīng)用而導(dǎo)致危險事件時有發(fā)生,因此, 提高安全標(biāo)志的有效性和規(guī)范性,對指導(dǎo)我們的行為從而減少事故發(fā)生有重要意義;
四是有限空間和特種設(shè)備事故高發(fā),針對此類高危場所的安全警示標(biāo)志缺乏規(guī)范管理,工貿(mào)企業(yè)有限空間作業(yè)安全管理與監(jiān)督暫行規(guī)定等中又把未在有限空間作業(yè)場所設(shè)置明顯的安全警示標(biāo)志作為罰則內(nèi)容,因此亟需通過強制性標(biāo)準的形式予以規(guī)定。
修訂目標(biāo)
本次修訂著重在以下幾方面加以改進:
1、聚焦生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動過程中的場所和位置;
2、主要內(nèi)容強化風(fēng)險辨識結(jié)果,注重使用最佳秩序,聚焦使 用特殊情景,突出事故預(yù)防,解決使用需求;
3、更新引用現(xiàn)行國際標(biāo)準和國家標(biāo)準。
新修編的標(biāo)準將總結(jié)近年來高發(fā)的安全生產(chǎn)事故的特點和風(fēng)險點,以風(fēng)險評估的結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ),以安全第一,預(yù)防為主為準則,注重現(xiàn)場的實際使用需求,明確生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營單位從事生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動過程中存在風(fēng)險或有必要提醒人們注意安全的場所和位置的安全信息的顏色表征、 安全標(biāo)記、標(biāo)志類型及其設(shè)置、使用的原則和工業(yè)管道基本識別色和安全標(biāo)識等內(nèi)容,強化風(fēng)險辨識結(jié)果,針對性更強,注重使用最佳秩序,實用性更好,聚焦使用特殊情景,應(yīng)用性更強,突出事故預(yù)防,可取性更高,解決使用需求,適用性更好,提高安全標(biāo)志的有效性和規(guī)范性,從而達到減少事故發(fā)生的目的。
主要修訂內(nèi)容
標(biāo)準代替了GB 2893-2008《安全色》, GB 2894-2008《安 全標(biāo)志及其使用導(dǎo)則》和GB 7231-2003《工業(yè)管道的基本識別色、識別符號和安全標(biāo)識》。與GB 2893-2008、GB 2894-2008和GB 7231-2003相比,除結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和編輯性改動外,主要技術(shù)變化如下:
1) 更改了文件的使用范圍;
2) 增加了顏色表征的相關(guān)要求;
3) 增加了 36 個圖形符號:禁止放置重物,禁止噴水,禁止 火災(zāi)時乘坐電梯,禁止在此處行走或者停留,禁止使用未完成的腳 手架,禁止改變開關(guān)狀態(tài),禁止高溫作業(yè),禁止燃放煙花爆竹,禁 止跳入水中,禁止推入水中,禁止翻越,禁止酒后作業(yè),禁止超藥 量作業(yè),當(dāng)心滾輪,當(dāng)心電池充電,當(dāng)心光輻射,當(dāng)心氧化物,當(dāng) 心高壓氣瓶,當(dāng)心工件移動,當(dāng)心鐵絲網(wǎng),當(dāng)心遙控機械碾壓,當(dāng) 心電弧,當(dāng)心薄冰,注意防潮,當(dāng)心摩擦、撞擊,當(dāng)心缺氧,必須 握住扶手,必須戴防護面罩,必須穿防靜電鞋,必須檢查防護擋板, 必須消除靜電,注意通風(fēng),洗眼臺,應(yīng)急避難場所,安全淋浴設(shè)施, 緊急制動按鈕;
4) 更改了34個圖形符號:禁止吸煙,禁止煙火,禁止用水 滅火,禁止堆放,禁止叉車和廠內(nèi)機動車輛通行,禁止乘人,禁止 通行,禁止攀登,禁止倚靠,禁止飲用,禁止戴手套,禁止穿帶釘 鞋,禁止佩戴心臟起搏器者靠近,禁止游泳,當(dāng)心腐蝕,當(dāng)心中毒, 當(dāng)心感染,當(dāng)心落物,當(dāng)心擠壓,當(dāng)心夾手,當(dāng)心叉車,必須戴防 護眼睛,必須戴防塵口罩,必須戴防毒面具,必須戴護耳器,必須 戴安全帽,必須系安全帶,必須穿防護服,必須戴防護手套,必須 8 洗手,必須加鎖,緊急出口,緊急集合點,擊碎板面;
5) 增加了安全標(biāo)志牌使用要求;
6) 更改了安全標(biāo)志牌修整或更換的具體要求;
7) 增加了工業(yè)管道的基本識別色、識別符號和安全標(biāo)識的 相關(guān)要求;
8) 增加了安全標(biāo)志規(guī)范性。
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